A container ship docked at the Port of Rio de Janeiro in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on Thursday, July 10, 2025. Dado Galdieri/Bloomberg via Getty Images hide caption
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Dado Galdieri/Bloomberg via Getty Images
RIO DE JANEIRO, Brazil — Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva says the U.S. must respect his country — and he’s ready to impose retaliatory tariffs if President Donald Trump goes ahead with a threat to slap a 50% tax on Brazilian imports starting in Aug. 1.
Trump posted the warning in a letter on social media, citing what he called a “witch hunt” against Brazil’s former far-right president Jair Bolsonaro, who is currently on trial for trying to overturn the 2022 election. Trump demanded the case be dropped, calling Bolsonaro “a Highly Respected Leader throughout the World.”
Lula said in an interview posted to his offical media account that at first he thought the letter from Trump was a fake.
“The Brazilian people must be respected. Brazilian justice must be respected.” Lula said, “We are a great, sovereign country with a historic tradition of diplomacy with all nations. Brazil will adopt the necessary measures to protect its people and its companies.”
The U.S. currently runs a trade surplus with Brazil — unlike many of the more than 20 countries that also received tariff warning letters this week. Last year alone, the U.S. exported more to Brazil than it imported. That’s why Lula called Trump’s claim that the trade relationship was “far from reciprocal” simply inaccurate.
While Trump has issued similar tariff threats to other countries, experts say this case is different. Georgetown trade policy professor Marc Busch says using tariffs as political pressure over another country’s internal judicial proceedings is highly provocative.
“Brazil taking this seriously may escalate in a dramatic and qualitatively different way than Trump has seen with other trade partners,” Busch said.
Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, Brazil’s president, during a news conference at the BRICS Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on Monday, July 7, 2025. Dado Galdieri/Bloomberg via Getty Images hide caption
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Dado Galdieri/Bloomberg via Getty Images
Lula says his government is exploring retaliation, though Brazil’s Finance Minister Fernando Haddad has tried to dial back tensions. In an interview, he said any dispute “can and must be overcome through diplomacy.”
The last few days has seen an escalation in rhetoric between the two leaders. Earlier in the week Brazil hosted a summit of the BRICS nations of emerging economies — bringing together founding members Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, along with newcomers like Egypt and Indonesia. There, in a pointed response to Trump’s tariff threats against BRICS countries, Lula pushed back. “We don’t want an emperor — we are sovereign nations,” he said.
The tariff threats have rattled Brazil’s exporters. Gláucio de Castro, a coffee farmer and head of a major growers federation in Minas Gerais, said that while he supports Trump’s politics, this move would hurt Brazil’s economy.
“I agree with Trump’s thinking,” he said. “But it’s not right to hurt our country commercially — it’s really harmful to us. Brazil is the world’s largest exporter of coffee, and a steep tariff could spike prices for U.S. consumers. The country also exports aircraft, steel, and oil to the U.S., meaning the fallout could stretch across multiple industries.
